4. Holding one of the netting pieces
taut with both hands, dunk it into the
paper mush and then pull it straight
up so it catches some of the paper
mush in it.
5. Lay the second piece of netting on
top of it and then place both together
on a stack of newspaper. Press evenly
over the entire piece of netting with
the palm of your hand in order to
push out as much water as possible
and compress the paper mass.
6. Now lay the paper mass with the
netting pieces on a dishrag, lay a sec-
ond dishrag on top, and press it some
more between the two dishrags.
7. Then, carefully remove the netting
and let the paper dry thoroughly on
the heater.
Explanation:
Your homemade paper is, of course,
not as nice as commercial paper.
Among other things, you would have
to add ingredients such as chalk to
make it heavier and denser, along
with other materials to prevent ink
from bleeding on it. If you use printed
newspaper as your raw material,
the addition of laundry detergent
makes your paper brighter, because
it dissolves the printer’s ink from the
paper fibers. In paper production, the
process of removing printer’s inks and
dyes is called “de-inking.”
Experiment
Gasoline consumption
Automobile fuels are made from
petroleum. The supplies of this mate-
rial are gradually declining, while the
price is constantly rising. That’s why
fuel-efficient cars are becoming more
and more popular. Also, combustion
engines (just like heating systems)
produce large quantities of carbon
dioxide gas, which accumulates in
Earth’s atmosphere and contributes to
global warming. How much does your
car consume?
You will need: pencil, paper.
Procedure:
1. When your parents are filling the
gas tank, note the number of miles on
your car’s odometer and the amount
of gas put in the tank. For the period
during which you are making your
experimental observations, ask that
the tank always be filled to the same
level when filling up (just to the point
that the gas nozzle first shuts off, for
example).
Petroleum refinery for the production of
gasoline and other crude oil products
14
Sustainable Earth Lab Manual 1E.indd 14 3/26/10 5:51:40 PM
(5 pages)
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